TeenAbstinence

__**ABSTINENCE AND SAFE SEX FOR TEENAGERS**__

media type="custom" key="6993457"

[]

[]

[]

**Health risks associated with sex** = = In this first decade of the 21st century the various risks connected with having sex have (alas) increased. The figures for **[|HIV] **, **[|chlamydia] ** and **[|gonorrhoea] ** are all going up. This is almost entirely because so many people – whether they're heterosexuals or homosexuals or 'bi' – don't practise safe sex. Teenagers are now losing their virginity very young – and frequently at an age where they don’t have any idea about how to protect themselves against the unwanted consequences of sex. So inevitably, there are times when teenage love-making, instead of being beautiful and fulfilling, leads to disaster. Understandably, in all age groups a lot of men and women think that ‘it won’t happen to me'. But in the year 2010, there's so many sexual infections around that you really do need to be careful. Unless you're totally faithful to one partner – and he or she is totally faithful to you – you're at some risk. ==**What are the risks of unsafe sex? ** == The chief ones are: It’s almost inevitable that other sexual infections will arise during this century – especially if the human race keeps going in for unsafe sex! Germs have a nasty way of exploiting people’s behaviour, which is why – soon after the swinging 60s and 70s – herpes and HIV suddenly emerged. Back in the 20th century, many people, both straight and gay, enjoyed sex with a variety of partners assuming that there was very little danger. Unfortunately, this is no longer the case – since disease rates have increased so much. Today, it’s only common sense to practise safe sex. ==**What is safe sex? ** ==
 * The Facts About Safe Sex**
 * unwanted pregnancy.
 * venereal diseases (such as gonorrhoea and, much less commonly, **[|syphilis] **).
 * other sexually transmitted infections (such as **[|herpes] **, **[|pubic lice] **, and **[|viral warts] **and especially the 21st century‘s major risk – chlamydia).
 * HIV – the virus that can cause AIDS.
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 4px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; color: #1685d9; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|cancer of the cervix] **.
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 4px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">female infertility – due to **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; color: #1685d9; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|pelvic infection] ** caused by sex with an infected man.

Technically, all sexual activity with a partner carries some risk, though the danger of infections is practically non-existent if the two people are completely faithful to each other.

<span style="color: #454545; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px;">**Condoms** <span style="display: block; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1.1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> If you're going to have sexual intercourse with someone who is not a regular, faithful partner, you should always use a **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; color: #1685d9; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|condom] **. This can be either a male condom or (much less commonly) a female one. Unfortunately, in 2010 sales of female condoms remain low. The condom should be worn throughout the entire act of intercourse – putting it on when you're halfway through is simply asking for trouble. Other 'barrier methods' of contraception, such as the **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; color: #1685d9; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|diaphragm] ** or cap, do offer some but very little protection against the transmission of infection. ==<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: #efefef; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; border: 1px solid #cccccc; color: #667f17; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 30px; padding: 10px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">So how effective are condoms? == <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; border: 0px initial initial; color: #000000; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There's lots of myths about how effective condoms are. If they're used correctly, condoms are about 94% - 97% (depending on which study you look at) effective at preventing pregnancy and they're nearly 100% effective at preventing transmission of HIV. Some people say that certain viruses can 'pass through' latex - that's not true.

**How effective is birth control?** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-repeat: initial; display: block; float: right; margin-bottom: -4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -3px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; width: 119px;">

Certain types of birth control, like Depo-Provera and birth control pills ("the Pill"), are more than 99-percent effective. But that's only if they're used properly. Human error ("oops, I forgot my pill") is a huge factor in whether birth control works. It's so important that manufacturers actually have two different rates of effectiveness for birth control. One is with "perfect use" in a laboratory, where there's no room for mistakes. The other is the "typical" rate, which takes into account the occasional broken condom and the couple of nights you forgot your pill. Of course, the perfect use rate is always higher. Here are the effective rates in percentages (both "perfect use" and "typical use"):

Prefect Use: 100% Typical Use: 75% Perfect Use: 99.7% Typical Use: 92% Perfect Use: 98% Typical Use: 85% Perfect Use: 99.7% Typical Use: 97% Perfect Use: 99.7% Typical Use: 92% Perfect Use: 94% Typical Use: 84%
 * Abstinence**
 * Birth Control Pill ("the Pill")**
 * Condoms**
 * Male**
 * Depo-Provera ("the shot")**
 * Ortho Evra ("the Patch")**
 * Diaphragm**

<span style="color: #454545; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (The picture above highlights, the good things about being and staying abstinent.) **

<span style="display: block; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1.1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> One of the greatest risks to your health is having sex when you've drunk too much alcohol. Many people who would normally practice safe sex do become pregnant, or else catch HIV or venereal diseases, through having unprotected sex while drunk. Some other recreational drugs do also ‘lower your resistance’ – and so make you more likely to run into trouble sexually. Women should be especially aware of the recent rise in ‘drink-spiking’ – the practice in which a man slips a drug into your glass with the intention of making you so woozy that you won’t be able to resist sex. But overall, alcohol is probably the most important cause of unsafe sex. ==<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font: normal normal bold 170%/120% Arial,Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Four final sex tips to remember ** ==
 * Alcohol and other drugs**
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 4px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Avoid casual sex.
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 4px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">If you don't want to have a baby, use **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; color: #1685d9; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|contraception] **.
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 4px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">If you do have sex with someone who is not your regular, faithful partner – use a condom throughout.
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 4px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Remember that alcohol can make us forget all we know about practising safer sex.

=
<span style="font-size: 1.033em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">(http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/safesex.htm) =====

Helping Hands Pregnancy & Parenting Center Inc in Oakhurst, California (ca)
Name: Helping Hands Pregnancy & Parenting Center Inc Street: 49430 Road 426 Oakhurst, ca 93644-8618 Phone: (559) 642-2229 [|=Helping Hands Organization=] 2705 N Locan Avenue Fresno, CA 93727-9709 [|map] Fresno, CA Metro AreaPhone:(559) 294-7083

<span style="font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">

**<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 38px;">The Facts About Abstinence **
**Abstinence Education** > Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Americans Sound Off About Teen Pregnancy, December 2003, p.8. > Source: Robert Rector, The Effectiveness of Abstinence Education Programs in Reducing Sexual Activity Among Youth The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, No. 1533, April 8, 2002. **Parents** > Source: National Survey of Young Teens Sexual Attitude and Behaviors conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International > Source: Michael D. Resnick et al., Protecting Adolescents from Harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health, Journal of American Medicine 278, September 10, 1997; pp. 823-832. > Source: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (2002) With one voice 2002: Americas adults and teens sound off about teen pregnancy. Washington, D.C. > Source: 2003 Kaiser Family Foundation study. > Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy in 12/03. **Pregnancy** > Source: April 2003 study from Adolescent and Family Health Journal- finding written up in Heritage article > Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy analysis, using National Vital Statistics and Current Population Trends reports. > Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Report, 2001. > Source: 2003 Heritage Foundation study. > Source: Emory University **Sexually Transmitted Diseases** > Source: The American Social Health Association. > **Source: The Alan Guttamacher Inst.,Teen Sex & Pregnancy,Facts in Brief, 1999** > Source: Linda L. Alexander, ed., et al., STDs in America: How many cases and at what cost? The Kaiser Family Foundation, December 1998. > Source: American Social Health Association, STD statistics. > Source: American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and figures, 1998. > Source: The Institute of Medicine **Emotional Consequences** > Source: 2003 Heritage Foundation > Source: Not just another thing to do: teens talk about sex, regret, and the influence of their parents, National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy; 6/30/00 **Academic Achievement** > Source: Robert Rector, Teenage Sexual Abstinence and Academic Achievement, August, 2005 **Virginity Pledges** > Source: Kirk A Johnson Ph.D., Robert Rector, Adolescent Virginity Pledges and Risky Sexual Behaviors, June 14, 2005 **How many middle & high school students are really sexually active?** > Source: National Survey of Young Teens Sexual Attitude and Behaviors conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International > Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. **What about so called safe sex?** > Source: Dr. Susan Weller, A meta-analysis of condom effectiveness in reducing sexually transmitted HIV, Social science and medicine, vol. 36, no. 12 (1993). See also National Institute of Allergy and infectious diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Summary, Scientific Evidence on condom effectiveness for sexually transmitted disease prevention, July 20, 2001. > Source: The Heritage Foundation, 2004. > Source: Zogby **Marriage** > Source: Joan R. Hahn and Kathryn A. London, Premarital sex and the risk of divorce, Journal of Marriage and the Family, November 1991, pp.845-855. **Sexual Activity and Drug, Alcohol & Tobacco Use** > Source: (D.P. Orr, M. Beiter, and G. Ingersoll, Premature sexual activity as an indicator of psychosocial risk, Pediatrics, vol. 87, no. 2 (February 1, 1991), pp. 141-147. See also Kimberly Erickson, Interconnections: Emerging patterns in youth risk behavior, Institute for Youth Development, Washington, D.C., June 1, 1998.) []  <span style="color: #787878; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="border: 0px initial initial; clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 13px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px initial initial; display: inline; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline; width: 120px;"> <span style="display: block; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;"><span style="border: 0px initial initial; color: #40a2c8; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 32px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Pam Stenzel** <span style="border: 0px initial initial; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 320px;">Abstinence Advocate and Youth Expert <span style="clear: both; color: #40a2c8; display: inline; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline; width: 120px;"> **Bio**
 * **Over 90% of parents and teens think teens should be taught to abstain from sexual activity until they have at least finished high school.**
 * **Although Abstinence education is of fairly recent origin, there are currently ten evaluations showing that abstinence education programs are effective in reducing teen sexual activity.**
 * **85% of parents say they talk to their teenager very often or somewhat often about sex and sexual relationships, only 41% of those parents teens said their parents talked to them very often or somewhat often about sex and sexual relationships.**
 * **A 1997 longitudinal study of 12,000 adolescents found that teens were more likely to delay intercourse when they felt emotionally connected to their parents and when their parents disapproved of their being sexually active or of using contraception.**
 * **Most teens (69%) agree it would be much easier for them to postpone sexual activity and avoid teen pregnancy if they were able to have more open, honest conversations about these topics with their parents.**
 * **10-12 year olds want more information about: How to handle pressure to have sex-44%; How to know when youre ready to have sex-43%; How alcohol and drugs might affect decisions to have sex-43%.**
 * **Forty-eight percent of adults said it was embarrassing for teenagers to admit being virgins, but just 26 percent of teenagers believed the same. Eighty-five percent of teenagers said sex should occur only in a long-term committed relationship, up from 82 percent surveyed last year. Three in 10 teenagers say they have become more opposed over the last few years to having sex.**
 * **Study shows that increased abstinence accounted for 67% of the decrease in pregnancy rate among unmarried teenage girls aged 15-19. When surveyed about their sexual history, a majority of these teens reported that abstinence education played an important role in helping them abstain from sex until at least after high school.**
 * **Three out of five Hispanic girls in the U.S. become pregnant by age 20.**
 * **One in three children is born out of wedlock.**
 * **27% of mothers who began sexual activity at ages 13-14 were living in poverty as adultsmore than twice the number who waited until their 20s to begin having sex.**
 * **Emory University surveyed one thousand sexually experienced teen girls by asking them what they would like to learn to reduce teen pregnancy. Nearly 85 percent said, "How to say no without hurting the other person's feelings."**
 * **3.8 million STD cases are contracted by US teens-the highest contraction rate within the general US population. In fact, almost 45% of all teenagers and young adults are infected with at least one STD by their mid-twenties.**
 * **Every year 3 million teens25% of sexually active teenscontract an STD. [Please note this is slightly lower than the number reported in the bullet above by a different source]**
 * **About 25% of all new cases of STDs occur in teenagers and 2/3 of all new cases occur in those aged 15-24.**
 * **HPV is the leading viral STD, with 5.5 million new cases reported each year.**
 * **HPV causes nearly all cases of cervical cancer that kill approximately 4,800 women per year.**
 * **The Institute of Medicine estimates that the overall costs of Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- excluding AIDS -- presently exceeds $10 billion a year. Often the money to treat the STDs is paid for directly or indirectly by the federal government.**
 * **Study finds that 25% of sexually active girls say they are depressed (versus 8% of non-sexually active girls), dispelling the myth portrayed in popular culture that sexual activity equates with happiness. 14% of girls who have had intercourse have attempted suicide; 5% of sexually inactive girls have. 6% of boys who have had sex have attempted suicide; less than 1% of sexually inactive boys have.**
 * **In 2000, 63% of sexually active teens said they wish they had waited longer to become sexually active.**
 * **When compared to sexually active teens, those who abstain from sexual activity during high school years are 60% less likely to be expelled from school, 50 percent less likely to drop out of high school, and almost twice as likely to graduate from college.**
 * **When compared to teens who did not take a virginity pledge, teenagers who took a pledge are less likely to engage in sexual intercourse, less likely to engage in oral sex, less likely to engage in anal sex, and less likely to engage in sex with or act as prostitutes.**
 * **82% of parents agreed with the statement Waiting to have sex is a nice idea but not many teens really do wait. 65% of teens agreed with the same statement. Only 45% of teens thought touching someones genitals was sex. 66% agreed that there was pressure on teens to have sex by a certain age. Only 21% of teens had ever touched someones genitals, only 12% had had oral sex, and only 13% had had sexual intercourse. 88% of teens who had not had sexual intercourse said that the reason was because they had made a conscious decision to wait.**
 * **Two out of three sexually active teens wish they had waited to have sex and more than 8 in 10 teens think they should be taught to wait until marriage to have children.**
 * **Condom use offers relatively little protection (from zero to some) for herpes and no protection from the deadly HPV. On average, condoms failed to prevent the transmission of HIV between 15% and 31% of the time.**
 * **The government spends $4.50 on "safe sex" programs aimed at teens for every $1 invested in abstinence.**
 * **These spending priorities are the exact opposite of what parents want. In a recent Zogby poll, 85 percent of parents said the government's emphasis on abstinence for teens should be equal or greater than the emphasis placed on contraception. Only eight percent said teaching teens to use condoms is more important than teaching them abstinence.**
 * **Individuals who engage in premarital sex are 50% more likely to divorce than those who do not.**
 * **Sexually active boys aged 12-16 are four times more likely to smoke and six times more likely to use alcohol than are those who describe themselves as virgins. Girls are seven times more likely to smoke and 10 times more likely to use marijuana than virgins.**

<span style="clear: both; display: inline; float: left; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;"> "Pam Stenzel grew weary of hearing the phrase, NOBODY TOLD ME!! After years of counseling young girls who found themselves in crisis pregnancies, Pam began to realize that so many were completely unaware of the risks involved with sexual activity, and that many had never been told about all the consequences of their choices. That was the inception of Pam's life as a speaker, but Pam Stenzel's story started yearsearlier.  <span style="clear: both; color: #787878; display: inline; float: left; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;"> In 1964 a fifteen-year-old girl was raped, became pregnant, and decided to carry her unborn child to term. Five months after the baby girl was born, in an act of courage and love the young mother provided her child a better environment by giving her to an adoptive family. That child was Pam Stenzel. She is the oldest of 8 children… 7 adopted…1 biological, and her extended family includes 38 adopted children in all. Following her graduation from Liberty University with a degree in Psychology, Pam moved to Minneapolis, MN where she began to work with New Life Family Services, and young girls who were planning to place their children for adoption..." (You can read the full article at []) <span style="clear: both; color: #000000; display: inline; float: left; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;">Pam also made the DVD's below..  <span style="clear: both; color: #000000; display: inline; float: left; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;">   <span style="clear: both; color: #000000; display: inline; float: left; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;">You can read more, and contact Pam with the link below... <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; clear: both; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; display: inline; float: left; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 472px;"> []